Wine, in its exquisite diversity, often represents a harmonious blend of art and science. While some wines proudly showcase the characteristics of a single grape varietal, others are masterfully crafted symphonies of multiple grapes. But what do we call these mixed wines? The answer, like the world of wine itself, is nuanced and multifaceted.
Understanding Wine Blending: A Journey into Complexity
Wine blending is not simply about throwing different wines together and hoping for the best. It’s a deliberate and sophisticated process, meticulously executed by winemakers to achieve a specific flavor profile, enhance complexity, and create a wine that is often greater than the sum of its parts.
The Winemaker’s Palette: Purpose and Goals
The motivations behind blending are varied and can include:
- Achieving Balance: Some grape varietals may excel in certain aspects (acidity, tannins, fruitiness) while lacking in others. Blending allows winemakers to create a more balanced and harmonious final product.
- Adding Complexity: Different grapes contribute unique flavors and aromas. By blending, a winemaker can introduce layers of complexity that a single-varietal wine might lack.
- Ensuring Consistency: Vintage variation can significantly impact grape characteristics. Blending can help maintain a consistent style and quality from year to year.
- Creating a Signature Style: Some wineries develop a signature blend that becomes their hallmark, reflecting their unique winemaking philosophy.
- Correcting Deficiencies: In some cases, blending can be used to subtly correct minor deficiencies in a particular batch of wine.
The Art of the Blend: Techniques and Considerations
Blending can occur at different stages of the winemaking process:
- Co-fermentation: Different grape varieties are fermented together in the same tank. This can lead to a more integrated and harmonious blend.
- Post-fermentation blending: Wines from different varietals are fermented separately and then blended together after fermentation. This allows for greater control over the final blend.
Winemakers carefully consider the characteristics of each grape varietal and how they will interact with each other. Trial blends are often created and tasted extensively before the final blend is determined. The percentage of each grape in the blend is crucial and can dramatically alter the final result.
Terminology: What Do We Call Blended Wines?
While there isn’t one single universal term for mixed wines, several terms are commonly used, depending on the context and region.
“Blend”: The Most Common and Universal Term
The simplest and most widely accepted term for a mixed wine is simply a “blend“. This term is universally understood and applies to any wine made from more than one grape varietal. When a wine label states “Red Blend” or “White Blend,” it signifies that the wine is composed of multiple grape varieties.
“Meritage”: A Bordeaux-Inspired Blend
Meritage (pronounced “meh-rih-tij”) is a term specifically used for red and white wines blended in the style of Bordeaux wines. It’s primarily used by American wineries. To be labeled as Meritage, a red wine must be made from at least two of the five traditional Bordeaux varietals: Cabernet Sauvignon, Merlot, Cabernet Franc, Petit Verdot, and Malbec. For white wines, the grapes must be Sauvignon Blanc, Semillon, or Muscadelle. Importantly, no single varietal can make up more than 90% of the blend.
The term “Meritage” was created to provide a name for American wineries producing Bordeaux-style blends who couldn’t use the term “Bordeaux” itself.
Regional Names: Understanding Geographical Significance
Certain regions are renowned for their specific blends, and the wines are often labeled with the region’s name rather than explicitly stating “blend.”
- Bordeaux (France): Red Bordeaux wines are typically blends of Cabernet Sauvignon, Merlot, Cabernet Franc, Petit Verdot, and sometimes Malbec and Carménère. White Bordeaux wines are usually blends of Sauvignon Blanc, Sémillon, and Muscadelle.
- Chianti (Italy): Traditional Chianti is a blend based on Sangiovese, often with the addition of other local varietals like Canaiolo and Colorino. International varietals such as Cabernet Sauvignon and Merlot are also permitted.
- Rioja (Spain): Rioja wines are primarily based on Tempranillo, often blended with Garnacha (Grenache), Graciano, and Mazuelo (Carignan).
- Côtes du Rhône (France): Red Côtes du Rhône wines are typically blends dominated by Grenache, Syrah, and Mourvèdre, along with other permitted varietals.
When you see these regional names on a bottle, it implies a specific blend of grapes typical of that region, even if the label doesn’t explicitly say “blend.”
Proprietary Names: The Winemaker’s Creative License
Many wineries choose to create their own proprietary names for their blended wines. These names can be anything the winemaker chooses and are often intended to evoke a certain feeling or image. In these cases, the back label will usually list the grape varietals included in the blend.
Other Terms: Beyond the Mainstream
While “blend,” “Meritage,” and regional names are the most common, you might encounter other terms:
- Field Blend: A wine made from different grape varietals that are planted together in the same vineyard and harvested and fermented together.
- GSM: A shorthand often used to describe blends of Grenache, Syrah, and Mourvèdre, particularly those from the Rhône region of France and increasingly from other regions worldwide.
Decoding the Wine Label: Identifying the Blend
The information on a wine label can provide valuable clues about whether a wine is a blend and what grapes are included.
Look for Multiple Grape Varietals Listed
The most obvious indication is if the label lists more than one grape varietal. The percentages of each varietal may or may not be included.
Pay Attention to Regional Designations
As mentioned earlier, certain regional designations, like Bordeaux or Chianti, imply a specific blend of grapes. Researching the typical grape composition of wines from a particular region can be helpful.
Read the Back Label Carefully
The back label often contains more detailed information about the wine, including the grape varietals used and the percentage of each in the blend. Winemakers often provide tasting notes on the back label as well, which can give clues about the characteristics of the different grapes.
Consider the Price Point
While not always a definitive indicator, blended wines can sometimes be more affordable than single-varietal wines, particularly those made from highly prized grapes. This is because blending allows winemakers to utilize a wider range of grapes and balance costs.
The Allure of Blended Wines: Exploring the Benefits
Blended wines offer a unique and compelling drinking experience.
Complexity and Depth of Flavor
The combination of different grape varietals creates layers of complexity and depth of flavor that are often absent in single-varietal wines. Each grape contributes its own unique characteristics, resulting in a more nuanced and interesting wine.
Food Pairing Versatility
Blended wines can be incredibly versatile when it comes to food pairing. The diverse range of flavors and aromas allows them to complement a wide variety of dishes. For instance, a red blend with a balance of fruit, spice, and tannins can pair well with grilled meats, roasted vegetables, and hearty pasta dishes.
Opportunity for Discovery
Exploring blended wines offers a great opportunity to discover new and exciting flavor combinations. Stepping outside of single-varietal wines can broaden your palate and lead you to some truly memorable wines.
Conclusion: Embracing the Art of the Blend
The world of mixed wines, or blends, is rich and diverse, offering a wide range of styles and flavors to explore. Understanding the terminology, regional designations, and the winemaker’s intentions can enhance your appreciation for these complex and fascinating wines. So, the next time you’re browsing the wine aisle, don’t shy away from a bottle labeled “blend.” It might just surprise you with its complexity, versatility, and sheer deliciousness. The art of blending is a testament to the skill and creativity of winemakers, and it offers wine lovers an endless opportunity for discovery and enjoyment. Remember that “blend” is the most common term, while “Meritage” refers to Bordeaux-style blends. Delve into the regional blends and proprietary names to truly appreciate the variety. Enjoy the journey of exploring the world of blended wines.
What is the most common term for wine that is a blend of different grape varieties?
The most common term for wine that is a blend of different grape varieties is simply a “blended wine.” This term is widely understood and used across the wine industry and by consumers. It accurately describes any wine made from a mix of two or more grape types, rather than being a single varietal wine made entirely from one grape.
While “cuvée” can sometimes imply a blend, it is not exclusively used for blended wines. It can also refer to a specific batch or blend selected for its quality. Similarly, terms like “proprietary blend” are often used by wineries for unique blends they create but don’t necessarily specify the grape composition. Therefore, “blended wine” remains the most universally recognized and descriptive term.
Are there specific regional terms for mixed wines?
Yes, certain wine regions have their own specific terms that often imply a blended wine. For example, in Bordeaux, France, wines are traditionally blends of Cabernet Sauvignon, Merlot, Cabernet Franc, Petit Verdot, and Malbec. While not explicitly called a “mixed wine,” the regional identity often implies a blend of these authorized grapes.
In the Rhône Valley, wines labeled Côtes du Rhône are almost always blends of various grapes, typically including Grenache, Syrah, and Mourvèdre (GSM blends). Similarly, in some parts of Italy, wines might be referred to by their regional name, such as Chianti, which indicates a specific blend composition including Sangiovese, although the exact blend percentages can vary. These regional names therefore act as implicit indicators of a mixed wine profile.
What is a ‘proprietary blend’ in the context of mixed wines?
A ‘proprietary blend’ is a term used by wineries to denote a mixed wine that has a unique and often undisclosed blend of grape varieties. The exact grape composition and proportions are typically kept secret to maintain the wine’s unique identity and prevent competitors from replicating it. This allows the winery to create a signature style that differentiates their wine from others.
The lack of specific grape variety information on the label gives the winemaker more creative freedom and control over the final product. Consumers purchasing a proprietary blend are often relying on the winery’s reputation and tasting notes, rather than focusing on specific grape varietals. It is a way for wineries to showcase their blending skills and offer something distinctive.
How does blending affect the taste and complexity of wine?
Blending can significantly enhance the taste and complexity of a wine by combining the desirable characteristics of different grape varieties. For example, a winemaker might blend a high-acid grape with a fruitier one to create a more balanced flavor profile. Similarly, blending a grape with strong tannins with a softer grape can result in a more approachable wine.
Furthermore, blending allows winemakers to add layers of aroma, texture, and structure that would be difficult to achieve with a single varietal. It also provides a buffer against vintage variation; if one grape performs poorly in a particular year, blending with other grapes can help maintain the wine’s consistency and quality. The art of blending is a crucial aspect of winemaking, allowing for greater control and creativity.
Is blending only done with red grapes, or are white grapes also blended?
Blending is a common practice for both red and white grapes. While red blends are perhaps more widely recognized, white blends offer a wide range of flavor profiles and complexities. Many popular white wines, such as those from the Rhône Valley (e.g., blends of Marsanne, Roussanne, and Viognier) and Bordeaux (e.g., blends of Sauvignon Blanc and Semillon), are notable examples of successful white blends.
Just as with red blends, the purpose of blending white grapes is to enhance the wine’s overall balance, aroma, and texture. Blending can contribute acidity, fruitiness, minerality, or floral notes, creating a more complex and harmonious final product. The same principles of combining complementary characteristics apply regardless of the grape color.
What are some famous examples of blended wines?
Some of the most famous examples of blended wines come from Bordeaux, France. Red Bordeaux wines are typically blends of Cabernet Sauvignon, Merlot, Cabernet Franc, Petit Verdot, and Malbec. These blends are renowned for their complexity, aging potential, and regional character. Similarly, white Bordeaux wines are often blends of Sauvignon Blanc and Semillon, creating crisp and aromatic wines.
Another famous example is Champagne, which is typically a blend of Chardonnay, Pinot Noir, and Pinot Meunier. These grapes contribute different characteristics that, when combined, create the distinctive flavors and bubbles associated with Champagne. Similarly, Southern Rhône wines like Châteauneuf-du-Pape are frequently blends of Grenache, Syrah, Mourvèdre, and other permitted varietals, resulting in rich and complex wines.
How can I tell if a wine is blended just by looking at the label?
Determining if a wine is blended simply by looking at the label can sometimes be straightforward, but it can also require a bit of detective work. If the label lists multiple grape varieties and their percentages (e.g., “60% Cabernet Sauvignon, 40% Merlot”), it is clearly a blend. If the label only mentions a single grape variety, it is generally understood to be a single-varietal wine, although some wines might contain a small percentage of other grapes.
However, sometimes the label will use regional designations that imply a blend, even if the specific grape varieties are not listed. For example, a Côtes du Rhône label suggests a blend of grapes typically found in that region, such as Grenache, Syrah, and Mourvèdre. Similarly, the term “proprietary blend” definitively indicates a blend, but the specific grape composition will remain undisclosed. Checking the winery’s website or tasting notes can often provide more information.